Finance & Mortgages

    Deficiency Judgment

    A court judgment against a borrower for the loan balance still owed after a foreclosure sale brings less than the debt.

    When a foreclosure sale produces less money than the borrower owes, the shortfall is a deficiency. A deficiency judgment is a court order making the borrower personally liable for that remaining balance.

    Texas allows a deficiency judgment after a non-judicial foreclosure sale, but the borrower may ask the court to determine the property's fair market value and offset the deficiency by that value. A separate suit must be brought within the statutory deadline.

    On the exam

    A Texas foreclosure sale does not always erase the full debt. If the sale falls short, the lender may pursue a deficiency, subject to the fair-market-value offset.

    Exam trap

    The property does not automatically satisfy the whole loan. A below-balance sale can leave the borrower owing the difference, reduced by any fair-market-value offset.

    Tested in

    Financing & Settlement (6% of the exam)

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    This definition is Texas real estate exam-prep education, not legal, tax, or professional advice. Verify current rules against the official source before relying on them for a real transaction. Back to the full glossary.