Titles & Deeds

    Lien

    A monetary claim against property that secures payment of a debt. It can be voluntary, like a mortgage, or involuntary, like a tax or judgment lien.

    A lien is a charge against property that secures payment of a debt or obligation. A voluntary lien is created by agreement, such as a mortgage. An involuntary lien arises by operation of law, such as a property tax lien, a judgment lien, or a construction lien.

    Liens are a type of encumbrance. Priority among liens usually follows the order of recording, but Texas property tax liens take priority ahead of most other liens.

    On the exam

    Know voluntary versus involuntary, and that property tax liens generally take first priority.

    Exam trap

    Not all liens are deeds of trust. Tax, judgment, and mechanic's liens are involuntary liens that can outrank a recorded loan lien in some cases.

    Tested in

    Ownership & Title (8% of the exam)

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    This definition is Texas real estate exam-prep education, not legal, tax, or professional advice. Verify current rules against the official source before relying on them for a real transaction. Back to the full glossary.