Property Rights & Ownership

    Separate Property

    Property a spouse owns individually: owned before marriage, or received during marriage by gift, devise, or inheritance.

    Separate property is property that belongs to one spouse alone. In Texas it includes property owned or claimed before the marriage, property acquired during the marriage by gift, devise, or descent, and certain personal-injury recoveries. Separate property is not split equally the way community property is.

    The character of property as separate or community is fixed at the time of acquisition. Property bought during the marriage with traceable separate funds can remain separate, but the spouse claiming it carries the burden to overcome the community-property presumption with clear evidence.

    On the exam

    Separate property is owned before marriage or received during marriage by gift, devise, or inheritance. It is not divided equally like community property.

    Exam trap

    The community-property presumption means a spouse claiming separate property must prove it. Acquisition during marriage points toward community property unless traced.

    From definition to recall

    See this term inside a real exam question.

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    This definition is Texas real estate exam-prep education, not legal, tax, or professional advice. Verify current rules against the official source before relying on them for a real transaction. Back to the full glossary.