Law & License

    Conversion

    Using money held in trust for others for the broker's own benefit, a serious TRELA violation that can carry criminal penalties.

    Conversion is taking trust money that belongs to others and using it for personal or business purposes. A broker who spends a buyer's earnest money has converted those funds. Conversion goes beyond commingling because the money is actually used, not just mixed.

    Conversion is among the most serious violations a license holder can commit. It can result in license revocation and criminal charges in addition to administrative penalties under TRELA.

    On the exam

    When a scenario has the broker actually spending or withdrawing trust money, the answer is conversion, not commingling.

    Exam trap

    If the funds were only mixed into the wrong account, that is commingling. Conversion requires that the funds were used.

    Tested in

    Standards of Conduct (8% of the exam)

    Practice this section →

    From definition to recall

    See this term inside a real exam question.

    Pass Texas gives you Texas-specific practice, diagnostics across the 14 exam areas, Trap Library, Math Coach, offline access, and one $59.99 purchase. No subscription. No copied exam questions.

    Try 5 free questions

    This definition is Texas real estate exam-prep education, not legal, tax, or professional advice. Verify current rules against the official source before relying on them for a real transaction. Back to the full glossary.